A PAPER PRESENTATION DELIVERED BY PROF. ABIODUN AMUDA-KANNIKE SAN, FCArb, FCE, FCIHP, ACTI, FCIAP, FIIHP PIONEER DEAN, FACULTY OF LAW, KWARA STATE UNIVERSITY, MALETE, VIA ILORIN, KWARA STATE AT THE 11TH ENTREPRENEURSHIP & SECURITY CONFERENCE / INDUCTION/ GRADUATION/AWARD CONFERMENT CEREMONY AND 4TH MANDATORY PROFESSIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE TRAINING/ WORKSHOP HELD AT COVENANT UNIVERSITY, OTA, OGUN STATE OF NIGERIA ON SATURDAY, 22ND JUNE, 2024.

Presenter: Prof. Abiodun. Amuda–Kannike SAN, FCArb

ABSTRACT

Corporate culture plays a pivotal role in shaping the entrepreneurial spirit within organizations, particularly in emerging economies like Nigeria. This article explores the relationship between corporate culture and intrapreneurship management within the context of Nigeria’s economy. Through an in-depth analysis of existing literature, case studies, and interviews with industry experts, this article examines how corporate culture influences the fostering of intrapreneurial activities, innovation, and ultimately economic growth in Nigeria. Furthermore, it explores the challenges and opportunities for nurturing intrapreneurship within the unique cultural and business landscape of Nigeria.

Keywords: Intrapreneurship, Corporate, Culture, Nigeria’s Economy

1.1 INTRODUCTION

In the dynamic landscape of modern business, the role of corporate culture in shaping organizational behavior and fostering innovation has gained increasing recognition. Corporate culture, defined as the shared values, beliefs, norms, and practices that characterize an organization, plays a fundamental role in shaping the attitudes and behaviors of employees at all levels. In the context of emerging economies like Nigeria, where rapid economic growth and technological advancement intersect with traditional cultural values and practices, understanding the interplay between corporate culture and intrapreneurship management becomes imperative.[1]

1.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TOPIC

The significance of exploring the relationship between corporate culture and intrapreneurship management in Nigeria’s economy cannot be overstated. Nigeria, often regarded as the “Giant of Africa,” boasts a burgeoning economy fueled by a diverse array of industries ranging from oil and gas to telecommunications and finance.[2] However, amidst this economic growth, challenges such as unemployment, income inequality, and limited access to capital persist, hindering the country’s full economic potential. In such a context, fostering a culture of intrapreneurship within Nigerian organizations presents a promising avenue for driving innovation, creating employment opportunities, and catalyzing sustainable economic development.

1.3 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THE ARTICLE

The primary purpose of this article is to explore the multifaceted relationship between corporate culture and intrapreneurship management in Nigeria’s economy. By delving into the theoretical underpinnings, empirical evidence, and practical implications of this relationship, this article aims to provide insights into how organizations in Nigeria can leverage their unique cultural contexts to cultivate a conducive environment for intrapreneurial activities. Furthermore, the article seeks to identify the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating corporate culture and intrapreneurship management in Nigeria, offering actionable strategies for business leaders, policymakers, and other stakeholders.[3]

Through an interdisciplinary approach that draws on insights from organizational behavior, entrepreneurship theory, cultural studies, and economic development, this article aims to contribute to both academic discourse and practical initiatives aimed at promoting intrapreneurship and fostering sustainable economic growth in Nigeria. By examining real-world case studies, empirical research findings, and best practices from both domestic and international contexts, this article seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of corporate culture in driving intrapreneurial behavior and its implications for Nigeria’s economic future.[4]

2.1 OVERVIEW OF NIGERIA’S ECONOMY

Nigeria, the most populous country in Africa, possesses a diverse and rapidly evolving economy that serves as a pivotal player on the continent’s economic stage. With a GDP that ranks among the largest in Africa, Nigeria’s economy is characterized by a mix of traditional sectors such as agriculture, alongside modern industries including oil and gas, telecommunications, banking, and manufacturing. Understanding the intricacies of Nigeria’s economic landscape is crucial for contextualizing the dynamics of corporate culture and intrapreneurship management within the country.[5]

2.2 ECONOMIC LANDSCAPE

Nigeria’s economy has experienced significant growth and transformation over the past few decades, driven primarily by its abundant natural resources, particularly oil. The discovery of oil in the Niger Delta region in the late 1950s propelled Nigeria into the global spotlight as a major oil-producing nation, significantly influencing its economic trajectory. However, despite its oil wealth, Nigeria’s economy remains highly dependent on oil revenues, making it vulnerable to fluctuations in global oil prices and market volatility.[6]

In recent years, efforts have been made to diversify the economy away from its heavy reliance on oil, with initiatives aimed at promoting sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, and services. Agriculture, in particular, holds immense potential due to Nigeria’s vast arable land and favorable climatic conditions. The government has implemented various policies and programs to support agricultural development, ranging from mechanization and modernization initiatives to incentives for agribusinesses and smallholder farmers.[7]

Moreover, Nigeria’s burgeoning telecommunications sector has emerged as a significant driver of economic growth, fueled by rapid urbanization, increasing internet penetration, and a youthful demographic profile. The proliferation of mobile technology has facilitated greater connectivity, expanded access to financial services, and spurred innovation in e-commerce, fintech, and digital entrepreneurship.[8]

2.3 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

Navigating the business landscape in Nigeria poses both opportunities and challenges for entrepreneurs and corporations alike. While the country offers vast market potential, a burgeoning middle class, and a youthful population, it is also characterized by bureaucratic hurdles, regulatory complexities, infrastructural deficiencies, and security concerns. The ease of doing business in Nigeria has been a subject of scrutiny, with efforts underway to streamline processes, enhance transparency, and improve the overall business climate.[9]

Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays a significant role in Nigeria’s economic development, particularly in sectors such as oil and gas, telecommunications, and manufacturing. However, attracting and retaining foreign investors requires addressing issues related to policy inconsistency, corruption, inadequate infrastructure, and security risks. Additionally, domestic entrepreneurship and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) contribute substantially to job creation, wealth generation, and economic diversification.[10]

2.4 CULTURAL INFLUENCES ON BUSINESS PRACTICES

Nigeria’s rich cultural heritage and diversity exert a profound influence on business practices, organizational dynamics, and societal norms. With over 250 ethnic groups and a myriad of languages, religions, and traditions, Nigeria’s cultural landscape is characterized by a tapestry of customs, beliefs, and social conventions. Understanding and navigating this cultural mosaic is essential for businesses seeking to establish a presence and build relationships in the Nigerian market.[11]

Cultural values such as hospitality, respect for elders, and communalism shape interpersonal interactions, business negotiations, and decision-making processes in Nigeria. Building trust, maintaining harmonious relationships, and demonstrating sensitivity to local customs are paramount for successful business engagement. Furthermore, cultural factors influence consumer preferences, market behavior, and product demand, necessitating tailored marketing strategies and product localization efforts.[12]

Nigeria’s economy presents a dynamic and multifaceted landscape characterized by opportunities for growth, diversification, and innovation. However, navigating the complexities of the business environment, regulatory landscape, and cultural dynamics requires a nuanced understanding of the country’s economic, social, and cultural fabric.[13]

3.1 UNDERSTANDING CORPORATE CULTURE

Corporate culture serves as the foundation upon which organizations operate, influencing every aspect of organizational behavior, decision-making, and performance. A nuanced understanding of corporate culture is essential for grasping its role in shaping intrapreneurial activities and driving organizational outcomes.[14]

3.2 DEFINITION AND COMPONENTS

Corporate culture can be defined as the collective values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that characterize an organization and guide its interactions both internally among employees and externally with stakeholders. At its core, corporate culture encompasses a set of shared norms and practices that shape the organizational identity and influence individual and collective behaviour.[15]

The components of corporate culture are multifaceted and can include:

Values and Beliefs: Core principles and ideals that guide decision-making and behavior within the organization.
Norms and Behaviors: Established patterns of behavior, rituals, and routines that reflect the organization’s values and expectations.
Symbols and Artifacts: Tangible manifestations of culture, such as logos, slogans, office layout, and dress code, which reinforce organizational identity and values.
Language and Communication: Shared terminology, jargon, and communication styles that foster cohesion and convey cultural norms.
Leadership and Role Modeling: The behavior of organizational leaders and key influencers, who set the tone for the organization and exemplify cultural values through their actions.[16]
3.3 IMPORTANCE OF CORPORATE CULTURE

Corporate culture plays a pivotal role in shaping organizational identity, fostering employee engagement, and driving performance. A strong and cohesive culture can enhance employee morale, loyalty, and commitment, leading to higher levels of productivity and innovation. Moreover, corporate culture serves as a key differentiator and competitive advantage, influencing talent acquisition, retention, and organizational reputation.

A positive corporate culture can also contribute to organizational resilience and adaptability in the face of change and uncertainty. By providing a shared sense of purpose and identity, a strong culture can help align individual and organizational goals, facilitate collaboration, and promote a sense of belonging among employees.

3.4 TYPES OF CORPORATE CULTURE

Corporate culture can manifest in various forms, each reflecting different values, norms, and priorities. While numerous typologies of corporate culture exist, one commonly cited framework is the Competing Values Framework (CVF), which categorizes cultures along two dimensions: flexibility versus stability and internal focus versus external focus. This framework identifies four primary types of corporate culture:

Clan Culture: Characterized by a strong emphasis on collaboration, teamwork, and employee development. Organizations with a clan culture prioritize cohesion, employee engagement, and long-term relationships, resembling a family-like environment.
Adhocracy Culture: Marked by innovation, risk-taking, and adaptability, adhocracy cultures encourage experimentation, creativity, and agility. These organizations thrive on change, entrepreneurship, and a dynamic approach to problem-solving.
Hierarchy Culture: Founded on stability, control, and efficiency, hierarchy cultures emphasize clear roles, processes, and formalized systems. Organizations with a hierarchy culture prioritize stability, consistency, and adherence to rules and procedures.
Market Culture: Driven by competitiveness, achievement, and results orientation, market cultures emphasize external positioning, customer focus, and performance-driven outcomes. These organizations prioritize market share, profitability, and strategic positioning in the marketplace.
Understanding the predominant culture within an organization is essential for assessing its compatibility with intrapreneurial activities and fostering a conducive environment for innovation and growth.[17]

Corporate culture serves as the bedrock of organizational identity and behavior, influencing employee attitudes, decision-making, and performance. By comprehensively understanding the components, significance, and types of corporate culture, organizations can leverage their cultural strengths to foster intrapreneurial activities and drive sustainable growth and competitiveness.[18]

4.1 INTRAPRENEURSHIP MANAGEMENT

Intrapreneurship can be defined as the practice of behaving like an entrepreneur within a larger organization, where individuals proactively identify, develop, and implement innovative ideas to create value and drive organizational success. Unlike traditional employees, intrapreneurs exhibit a high degree of autonomy, initiative, and resourcefulness, often operating outside the confines of established organizational structures and processes.[19]

Key characteristics of intrapreneurship include:

Initiative and Proactivity: Intrapreneurs demonstrate a proactive mindset, actively seeking out opportunities for innovation and growth within the organization.
Creativity and Innovation: Intrapreneurship involves generating and implementing creative ideas to solve problems, improve processes, or develop new products and services.
Risk-taking and Resilience: Intrapreneurs are willing to take calculated risks and embrace failure as a learning opportunity, demonstrating resilience in the face of setbacks.
Resourcefulness and Adaptability: Intrapreneurs leverage available resources and networks to pursue their ideas, adapting to changing circumstances and overcoming obstacles along the way.[20]
4.3 IMPORTANCE OF INTRAPRENEURSHIP IN ORGANIZATIONAL GROWTH

Intrapreneurship plays a crucial role in driving organizational innovation, competitiveness, and long-term growth. By encouraging employees to think and act like entrepreneurs, organizations can tap into the creativity, expertise, and diverse perspectives of their workforce to identify new market opportunities, develop innovative products and services, and stay ahead of the competition.[21]

Moreover, intrapreneurship fosters a culture of continuous learning, experimentation, and improvement, where employees are encouraged to challenge the status quo, question existing practices, and explore alternative solutions. This culture of innovation not only enhances organizational agility and adaptability but also attracts top talent, fosters employee engagement, and enhances organizational reputation and brand image.[22]

Furthermore, intrapreneurship can serve as a catalyst for organizational transformation and renewal, enabling companies to adapt to changing market dynamics, technological advancements, and customer preferences. By empowering employees to take ownership of their ideas and initiatives, organizations can build a more agile, responsive, and resilient business model capable of thriving in today’s rapidly evolving business environment.[23]

4.4 CHALLENGES OF MANAGING INTRAPRENEURIAL ACTIVITIES

While intrapreneurship holds immense potential for driving organizational innovation and growth, it is not without its challenges. Managing intrapreneurial activities within the context of a larger organization requires striking a delicate balance between fostering creativity and innovation while maintaining organizational stability and alignment with strategic objectives.[24]

Some common challenges associated with managing intrapreneurial activities include:

Resistance to Change: Employees and organizational leaders may resist embracing intrapreneurial initiatives due to fear of failure, inertia, or reluctance to deviate from established routines and practices.
Resource Constraints: Intrapreneurial endeavors often require dedicated resources, including funding, time, and organizational support, which may be limited or difficult to obtain within larger organizations with competing priorities.
Organizational Culture: The prevailing corporate culture and leadership style within an organization can either facilitate or hinder intrapreneurial activities. A culture that values risk-taking, experimentation, and learning is more conducive to intrapreneurship than one that prioritizes conformity, hierarchy, and control.
Alignment with Organizational Goals: Intrapreneurial initiatives must align with the broader strategic objectives and priorities of the organization to ensure they contribute to sustainable value creation and organizational success.
Effectively managing these challenges requires a strategic approach to intrapreneurship management that emphasizes open communication, collaboration, and empowerment, while also addressing organizational barriers and constraints.[25]

Intrapreneurship management plays a pivotal role in driving organizational innovation, competitiveness, and growth. By cultivating a culture of intrapreneurship and providing the necessary support and resources, organizations can unleash the creative potential of their employees and harness the power of intrapreneurial initiatives to fuel sustainable business success.[26]

5.1 THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN CORPORATE CULTURE AND INTRAPRENEURSHIP

The relationship between corporate culture and intrapreneurship is dynamic and multifaceted, with each exerting a significant influence on the other. Understanding this interplay is essential for organizations seeking to foster a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship while leveraging their cultural strengths to drive intrapreneurial activities.[27]

5.2 IMPACT OF CORPORATE CULTURE ON INTRAPRENEURIAL BEHAVIOUR

Corporate culture serves as the foundation upon which intrapreneurial behaviors and activities are nurtured and sustained within organizations. The prevailing cultural norms, values, and practices shape the attitudes, motivations, and behaviors of employees, influencing their propensity to engage in intrapreneurial activities.[28]

Cultural Values and Beliefs: Organizations with a culture that values creativity, risk-taking, and autonomy are more likely to foster intrapreneurial behaviors among employees. Conversely, cultures that prioritize stability, conformity, and risk aversion may stifle entrepreneurial initiatives.
Leadership Style and Role Modeling: The behavior of organizational leaders plays a crucial role in shaping intrapreneurial behavior. Leaders who espouse entrepreneurial values, encourage experimentation, and empower employees are more likely to cultivate a culture of intrapreneurship within their organizations.
Organizational Structure and Processes: The structure and processes within an organization can either facilitate or hinder intrapreneurial activities. Flat organizational structures, decentralized decision-making, and flexible processes provide employees with the autonomy and flexibility to pursue entrepreneurial ventures within the organization.[29]
Reward and Recognition Systems: Reward and recognition systems that acknowledge and incentivize intrapreneurial behavior can reinforce a culture of innovation and risk-taking. Offering opportunities for advancement, financial incentives, and public recognition for intrapreneurial achievements can motivate employees to actively contribute their ideas and initiatives.[30]
5.3 CULTIVATING A CULTURE OF INNOVATION AND RISK-TAKING

Fostering a culture of innovation and risk-taking is essential for unlocking the full potential of intrapreneurship within organizations. This involves creating an environment where employees feel empowered to challenge the status quo, experiment with new ideas, and take calculated risks to drive organizational growth and success.[31]

Encouraging Open Communication and Collaboration: Creating opportunities for open communication, idea sharing, and collaboration fosters a sense of psychological safety and trust among employees, enabling them to freely express their ideas and contribute to the innovation process.
Providing Resources and Support: Equipping employees with the necessary resources, tools, and support to pursue their entrepreneurial ventures is critical for their success. This includes access to funding, mentorship, training, and development opportunities to help intrapreneurs develop and implement their ideas effectively.
Embracing Failure as a Learning Opportunity: Cultivating a culture that embraces failure as a natural part of the innovation process encourages risk-taking and experimentation. Viewing failure as a learning opportunity rather than a stigma promotes resilience, creativity, and continuous improvement among employees.
Promoting Cross-functional Collaboration: Encouraging collaboration and knowledge sharing across different departments and teams fosters interdisciplinary perspectives and insights, leading to more innovative solutions and approaches to business challenges.[32]
5.3 ROLE OF LEADERSHIP IN FOSTERING INTRAPRENEURSHIP

Leadership plays a pivotal role in shaping the culture of an organization and fostering intrapreneurship among employees. Effective leaders set the tone, establish the vision, and provide the necessary support and guidance to enable intrapreneurial initiatives to flourish.[33]

Vision and Strategic Direction: Articulating a clear vision and strategic direction that emphasizes innovation, agility, and customer-centricity provides employees with a sense of purpose and direction, aligning their efforts towards intrapreneurial endeavors that drive organizational success.
Empowerment and Trust: Empowering employees with the autonomy and authority to make decisions and take ownership of their ideas instills a sense of trust and confidence, fostering a culture of intrapreneurship where employees feel empowered to innovate and experiment without fear of micromanagement or reprisal.
Leading by Example: Leading by example and demonstrating entrepreneurial behaviors and values through their actions and decisions reinforces the importance of intrapreneurship within the organization. Leaders who actively champion innovation, risk-taking, and continuous learning inspire and motivate employees to embrace intrapreneurial opportunities.
Creating a Supportive Environment: Creating a supportive environment that encourages risk-taking, rewards innovation, and provides resources and support for intrapreneurial initiatives is essential for their success. This involves removing barriers, bureaucratic hurdles, and cultural impediments that may inhibit intrapreneurial behavior and stifling creativity. Leaders must create a safe space where employees feel empowered to share their ideas, experiment with new approaches, and learn from their failures without fear of judgment or repercussion.
Providing Mentorship and Guidance: Offering mentorship and guidance to aspiring intrapreneurs can help them navigate the complexities of the innovation process, overcome obstacles, and develop the skills and competencies needed to succeed. Experienced leaders can serve as role models, providing valuable insights, feedback, and support to intrapreneurs as they navigate their entrepreneurial journey within the organization.
Rewarding and Recognizing Intrapreneurial Achievements: Recognizing and rewarding intrapreneurial achievements sends a powerful message that innovation and entrepreneurship are valued and celebrated within the organization. Whether through monetary incentives, promotions, or public recognition, acknowledging the contributions of intrapreneurs reinforces their sense of ownership and commitment, motivating them to continue driving innovation and value creation.[34]
Leadership plays a central role in fostering a culture of intrapreneurship within organizations, setting the tone, establishing the vision, and providing the necessary support and guidance to enable intrapreneurial initiatives to thrive. By championing innovation, empowering employees, and creating a supportive environment that encourages risk-taking and experimentation, leaders can unlock the full potential of intrapreneurship to drive organizational growth, competitiveness, and long-term success.[35]

6.1 CASE STUDIES: SUCCESSFUL INTEGRATION OF CORPORATE CULTURE AND INTRAPRENEURSHIP IN NIGERIA

Examining case studies of organizations in Nigeria that have successfully integrated corporate culture and intrapreneurship provides valuable insights into the strategies, practices, and outcomes of fostering a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship within the Nigerian context. These case studies highlight the diverse approaches and experiences of organizations across different sectors and industries, shedding light on the opportunities and challenges of promoting intrapreneurship in Nigeria’s business landscape.[36]

6.1.1 Company A: Strategies for Promoting Intrapreneurial Culture

Company A, a leading technology firm in Nigeria, has cultivated a culture of innovation and intrapreneurship by implementing several key strategies:[37]

Flat Organizational Structure: Company A has adopted a flat organizational structure that fosters open communication, collaboration, and agility. By minimizing hierarchical barriers and empowering employees to take ownership of their ideas, the company encourages intrapreneurial behavior at all levels.
Innovation Labs and Hackathons: Company A regularly hosts innovation labs and hackathons where employees are encouraged to explore new ideas, experiment with emerging technologies, and develop innovative solutions to business challenges. These events provide a platform for cross-functional collaboration, idea generation, and rapid prototyping, fostering a culture of creativity and exploration.
Incentives for Intrapreneurial Initiatives: Company A offers incentives, such as seed funding, mentorship, and recognition, to employees who propose and implement intrapreneurial initiatives that align with the company’s strategic objectives. By rewarding intrapreneurial efforts, the company motivates employees to proactively pursue innovative projects and initiatives that drive business growth and differentiation.
6.1.2 Company B: Leveraging Cultural Values to Drive Innovation

Company B, a family-owned manufacturing company in Nigeria, has leveraged its cultural values and heritage to drive innovation and intrapreneurship:[38]

Cultural Integration: Company B has embedded its cultural values of resilience, community, and adaptability into its organizational DNA, creating a strong sense of identity and purpose among employees. By aligning intrapreneurial activities with cultural values, the company fosters a shared commitment to innovation and continuous improvement.
Employee Empowerment: Company B empowers employees at all levels to contribute their ideas, suggestions, and feedback through regular feedback sessions, suggestion boxes, and town hall meetings. This inclusive approach to decision-making and idea generation encourages intrapreneurial behavior and fosters a culture of ownership and accountability.
Continuous Learning and Development: Company B invests in employee training, development, and upskilling to equip employees with the skills, knowledge, and competencies needed to drive innovation and intrapreneurial activities. By providing opportunities for continuous learning and growth, the company cultivates a culture of curiosity, experimentation, and resilience among its workforce.
6.1.3 Company C: Overcoming Cultural Barriers to Intrapreneurship

Company C, a multinational corporation operating in Nigeria, has successfully overcome cultural barriers to intrapreneurship through the following strategies:[39]

Cultural Sensitivity and Adaptation: Company C recognizes the importance of cultural sensitivity and adaptation in promoting intrapreneurship within the Nigerian context. By understanding and respecting local customs, traditions, and business practices, the company[40] builds trust, credibility, and goodwill among employees and stakeholders, creating an enabling environment for intrapreneurial activities to flourish.
Diversity and Inclusion: Company C promotes diversity and inclusion within its workforce, recognizing the value of diverse perspectives, experiences, and backgrounds in driving innovation and intrapreneurship. By embracing diversity and fostering a culture of inclusion, the company encourages employees to bring their authentic selves to work, sparking creativity, collaboration, and problem-solving.[41]
Cross-Cultural Collaboration: Company C encourages cross-cultural collaboration and knowledge sharing among employees from different cultural backgrounds, nationalities, and regions. By leveraging the unique insights and perspectives of its diverse workforce, the company fosters a culture of innovation, adaptability, and resilience that transcends cultural barriers and drives business success.[42]
These case studies demonstrate the diverse approaches and strategies that organizations in Nigeria have employed to successfully integrate corporate culture and intrapreneurship. By leveraging cultural values, empowering employees, and fostering a supportive environment for innovation and experimentation, these organizations have positioned themselves for long-term growth, competitiveness, and success in the Nigerian market.[43]

7.1 CHALLENGES OF INTEGRATING CORPORATE CULTURE AND INTRAPRENEURSHIP IN NIGERIA

Despite the potential benefits of integrating corporate culture and intrapreneurship, organizations in Nigeria encounter several challenges that can impede their efforts to foster a conducive environment for innovation and entrepreneurship. These challenges stem from various factors, including cultural, institutional, and organizational barriers, and require careful consideration and strategic intervention to overcome.[44]

7.2 CULTURAL RESISTANCE TO CHANGE

Nigeria’s cultural landscape is characterized by deep-rooted traditions, social norms, and attitudes that can resist change and innovation. Some of the challenges related to cultural resistance to change include:

Preference for Stability: Nigerian society often values stability and conformity over risk-taking and experimentation. This preference for stability can hinder intrapreneurial initiatives within organizations, as employees may be reluctant to challenge existing norms and practices.
Fear of Failure: Failure is often stigmatized in Nigerian culture, leading to risk aversion and reluctance to take initiative. Employees may be hesitant to pursue intrapreneurial ventures for fear of failure and the associated repercussions on their career prospects and social status.
Hierarchical Structures: Traditional hierarchical structures prevalent in Nigerian organizations can inhibit the free flow of ideas and information, stifling creativity and innovation. Employees may feel disempowered and discouraged from speaking up or proposing innovative solutions in hierarchical environments.
7.3 LACK OF SUPPORTIVE INFRASTRUCTURE

The lack of supportive infrastructure, both physical and institutional, poses significant challenges to integrating corporate culture and intrapreneurship in Nigeria. Some of the key issues include:[45]

Limited Access to Funding: Access to funding and financial resources is often limited for intrapreneurial ventures in Nigeria, particularly for startups and small businesses. The lack of venture capital, angel investors, and supportive financial institutions hinders the development and implementation of innovative ideas.
Inadequate Technological Infrastructure: Nigeria’s technological infrastructure, including internet connectivity, power supply, and digital infrastructure, remains underdeveloped and unreliable in many areas. The lack of reliable infrastructure can hamper intrapreneurial activities that rely on technology and digital platforms for innovation and collaboration.
Weak Regulatory Environment: Nigeria’s regulatory environment is often perceived as burdensome, complex, and inconsistent, posing challenges for intrapreneurs seeking to navigate regulatory hurdles and compliance requirements. The lack of clear regulatory frameworks and supportive policies can deter innovation and entrepreneurship within organizations.
7.4 REGULATORY AND POLICY CONSTRAINTS

Regulatory and policy constraints present significant challenges to integrating corporate culture and intrapreneurship in Nigeria, including:[46]

Bureaucratic Hurdles: Nigerian organizations often face bureaucratic hurdles and administrative bottlenecks when implementing intrapreneurial initiatives. Cumbersome approval processes, red tape, and bureaucratic inertia can delay decision-making and stifle innovation within organizations.
Policy Uncertainty: Uncertainty surrounding government policies, regulations, and economic conditions can create a challenging business environment for intrapreneurs. Rapid policy changes, political instability, and economic volatility can disrupt intrapreneurial activities and undermine confidence in the business environment.
Legal and Compliance Risks: Compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, such as intellectual property rights, licensing, and taxation, poses challenges for intrapreneurial ventures in Nigeria. Navigating complex legal frameworks and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards can be resource-intensive and time-consuming for organizations.
Integrating corporate culture and intrapreneurship in Nigeria faces several challenges, including cultural resistance to change, lack of supportive infrastructure, and regulatory and policy constraints. Overcoming these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach that addresses cultural attitudes, invests in infrastructure development, and advocates for supportive regulatory frameworks conducive to innovation and entrepreneurship.[47]

7.5 OPPORTUNITIES AND STRATEGIES FOR PROMOTING INTRAPRENEURSHIP IN NIGERIA

Despite the challenges, Nigeria offers significant opportunities for promoting intrapreneurship and driving innovation within organizations. By leveraging these opportunities and implementing targeted strategies, organizations can create an environment that nurtures creativity, empowers employees, and fosters a culture of intrapreneurship.[48]

7.6 LEVERAGING NIGERIA’S YOUNG AND DYNAMIC WORKFORCE

Nigeria boasts a large and dynamic workforce, with a significant percentage of the population under the age of 30. This youthful demographic presents several opportunities for promoting intrapreneurship:[49]

Harnessing Digital Skills: Nigeria’s young workforce is well-versed in digital technologies and social media platforms, providing a fertile ground for innovation and digital entrepreneurship. Organizations can leverage employees’ digital skills and expertise to drive intrapreneurial initiatives that capitalize on emerging technologies and digital trends.
Promoting Entrepreneurial Mindset: Many young Nigerians possess an entrepreneurial mindset and a desire to make a positive impact through innovation and creativity. Organizations can tap into this entrepreneurial spirit by providing opportunities for employees to develop and pursue their ideas within the company, fostering a culture of intrapreneurship and innovation.
7.7 Strengthening Collaborative Ecosystems

Building strong collaborative ecosystems is essential for promoting intrapreneurship and driving innovation within Nigeria’s business landscape:[50]

Industry-Academia Collaboration: Collaboration between industry and academia can facilitate knowledge transfer, skills development, and technology transfer, fostering a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship. Establishing partnerships with universities, research institutions, and tech hubs can provide organizations with access to talent, expertise, and research capabilities to support intrapreneurial activities.
Public-Private Partnerships: Public-private partnerships can play a crucial role in promoting intrapreneurship and driving innovation in Nigeria. By collaborating with government agencies, industry associations, and non-profit organizations, organizations can leverage resources, expertise, and networks to address common challenges, create supportive ecosystems, and drive sustainable growth and development.
7.8 ENCOURAGING INCLUSIVE AND DIVERSE WORK ENVIRONMENTS

Creating inclusive and diverse work environments is essential for fostering a culture of intrapreneurship and driving innovation:[51]

Diversity and Inclusion Initiatives: Organizations can implement diversity and inclusion initiatives to attract and retain talent from diverse backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives. Embracing diversity fosters creativity, enhances problem-solving capabilities, and promotes a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship within the organization.
Empowering Underrepresented Groups: Empowering underrepresented groups, including women, youth, and marginalized communities, is crucial for promoting intrapreneurship and driving inclusive innovation in Nigeria. Providing training, mentorship, and support programs tailored to the needs of these groups can unlock their potential and create opportunities for intrapreneurial success.
7.9 INVESTING IN ENTREPRENEURIAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING

Investing in entrepreneurial education and training is essential for building the skills, knowledge, and mindset needed to succeed as intrapreneurs:[52]

Entrepreneurship Education Programs: Introducing entrepreneurship education programs in schools, universities, and vocational training centers can instill entrepreneurial skills and mindset from an early age. Teaching students about creativity, problem-solving, and opportunity recognition prepares them for future intrapreneurial endeavors and fosters a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship in Nigeria.
Employee Training and Development: Providing ongoing training and development opportunities for employees enhances their intrapreneurial capabilities and fosters a culture of continuous learning and improvement. Offering workshops, seminars, and mentorship programs focused on innovation, creativity, and intrapreneurship equips employees with the skills and confidence to pursue intrapreneurial ventures within the organization.
7.10 CREATING SUPPORTIVE POLICY AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS

Creating supportive policy and regulatory frameworks is essential for promoting intrapreneurship and driving innovation in Nigeria:[53]

Policy Reforms: Implementing policy reforms that support innovation, entrepreneurship, and intrapreneurship can create an enabling environment for business growth and development. Streamlining regulatory processes, reducing bureaucratic barriers, and providing incentives for innovation and investment can attract intrapreneurial ventures and stimulate economic growth in Nigeria.
Access to Finance: Improving access to finance for intrapreneurial ventures is critical for their success. Establishing venture capital funds, angel investor networks, and innovative financing mechanisms can provide the necessary capital and resources to support intrapreneurial activities and drive innovation within organizations.
Nigeria offers significant opportunities for promoting intrapreneurship and driving innovation within organizations. By leveraging the country’s young and dynamic workforce, strengthening collaborative ecosystems, creating inclusive and diverse work environments, investing in entrepreneurial education and training, and creating supportive policy and regulatory frameworks, organizations can foster a culture of intrapreneurship that drives sustainable growth, competitiveness, and prosperity in Nigeria.[54]

8.1 THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT AND POLICY-MAKERS

Government and policy-makers play a crucial role in creating an enabling environment for intrapreneurship and innovation. Through strategic policies, regulatory frameworks, and support initiatives, they can promote entrepreneurship, drive economic growth, and enhance Nigeria’s competitiveness in the global market.[55]

8.2 Developing Supportive Policy Frameworks

Creating supportive policy frameworks is essential for promoting intrapreneurship and driving innovation in Nigeria:

Innovation Policies: Developing national innovation policies that prioritize research and development, technology transfer, and entrepreneurship can stimulate innovation and create opportunities for intrapreneurial ventures. These policies should focus on fostering collaboration between government, academia, and industry, providing incentives for innovation, and promoting knowledge-based industries.
Entrepreneurship Policies: Implementing entrepreneurship policies that support startups, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and intrapreneurial ventures can create a conducive environment for business growth and development. These policies may include tax incentives, access to finance, business development services, and regulatory reforms to reduce barriers to entry and facilitate entrepreneurial activities.
Education and Skills Development Policies: Investing in education and skills development policies that equip individuals with the knowledge, skills, and mindset needed to succeed as intrapreneurs is critical. Introducing entrepreneurship education programs in schools, universities, and vocational training centers and providing training and mentorship opportunities for aspiring intrapreneurs can foster a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship from an early age.[56]
8.3 FACILITATING ACCESS TO FINANCE AND RESOURCES

Facilitating access to finance and resources is essential for supporting intrapreneurial ventures and driving innovation in Nigeria:[57]

Venture Capital and Angel Investor Networks: Establishing venture capital funds, angel investor networks, and other alternative financing mechanisms can provide the necessary capital and resources to support intrapreneurial activities. These funding sources can help bridge the financing gap for startups and high-growth ventures and stimulate investment in innovative projects and ventures.
Innovation Hubs and Incubators: Supporting the establishment of innovation hubs, incubators, and technology parks can provide a supportive ecosystem for intrapreneurial ventures. These platforms offer access to mentorship, networking opportunities, technical assistance, and infrastructure, enabling intrapreneurs to develop and scale their ventures more effectively.
Government Grants and Incentives: Providing government grants, subsidies, and incentives for research and development, innovation, and entrepreneurship can encourage investment in intrapreneurial ventures. Offering tax breaks, grants, and subsidies for innovative projects, technology startups, and intrapreneurial initiatives can incentivize risk-taking and innovation within organizations.[58]
8.4 CREATING SUPPORTIVE REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT

Creating a supportive regulatory environment is essential for promoting intrapreneurship and driving innovation in Nigeria:[59]

Regulatory Reforms: Streamlining regulatory processes, reducing bureaucratic hurdles, and simplifying licensing and registration procedures can create a more favorable business environment for intrapreneurial ventures. Implementing regulatory reforms that support innovation, entrepreneurship, and business growth can attract investment, stimulate economic activity, and drive innovation within organizations.
Intellectual Property Rights Protection: Strengthening intellectual property rights protection is critical for fostering innovation and intrapreneurship in Nigeria. Implementing laws and regulations that protect intellectual property rights, including patents, trademarks, and copyrights, can incentivize investment in research and development, technology transfer, and innovation, and safeguard the rights of intrapreneurs and innovators.
Consumer Protection and Market Regulation: Ensuring consumer protection and fair competition is essential for promoting innovation and entrepreneurship in Nigeria. Implementing market regulations that prevent monopolistic practices, promote fair competition, and protect consumers’ rights can create a level playing field for intrapreneurial ventures and encourage innovation-driven growth and development.
Government and policy-makers play a central role in creating an enabling environment for intrapreneurship and innovation in Nigeria. By developing supportive policy frameworks, facilitating access to finance and resources, and creating a supportive regulatory environment, they can foster a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship that drives economic growth, job creation, and prosperity in Nigeria.[60]

9.1 SUMMARY

This comprehensive article explores the relationship between corporate culture, intrapreneurship management, and their impact on the Nigerian economy. It begins by providing an overview of Nigeria’s economy, highlighting its challenges and opportunities. The article then delves into the concept of corporate culture, emphasizing its significance in shaping intrapreneurial behavior within organizations. It discusses the role of leadership in fostering a culture of innovation and empowerment, as well as the importance of creating a supportive environment for intrapreneurial initiatives to thrive.

The article also examines intrapreneurship management, elucidating its principles and strategies for promoting innovation and value creation within organizations. It explores the interplay between corporate culture and intrapreneurship, emphasizing the need for alignment and synergy between these two factors to drive organizational success. Through case studies, the article illustrates how organizations in Nigeria have successfully integrated corporate culture and intrapreneurship to drive innovation and growth.

Despite the opportunities for promoting intrapreneurship in Nigeria, the article acknowledges the challenges organizations face, including cultural resistance to change, lack of supportive infrastructure, and regulatory constraints. It highlights the role of government and policy-makers in creating an enabling environment for intrapreneurship through supportive policies, regulatory reforms, and investment in education and infrastructure.

Finally, the article emphasizes the importance of fostering a culture of innovation and intrapreneurship for driving economic growth, fostering competitiveness, and achieving sustainable development in Nigeria. It calls for strategic interventions and collaborative efforts from government, industry, and academia to harness Nigeria’s potential and emerge as a global leader in the digital economy.

9.2 CONCLUSION

The promotion of intrapreneurship and the cultivation of a culture of innovation are critical imperatives for driving economic growth, fostering competitiveness, and achieving sustainable development in Nigeria. This article has explored the various dimensions of corporate culture, intrapreneurship management, and their interplay within the Nigerian economy, examining the opportunities, challenges, and strategies for integrating these concepts to promote organizational success and economic prosperity.

9.2.1 Recap of Key findings

Corporate Culture and Intrapreneurship: Corporate culture plays a pivotal role in shaping intrapreneurial behavior and driving innovation within organizations. By fostering a culture of autonomy, creativity, and risk-taking, organizations can empower employees to pursue intrapreneurial ventures and drive organizational growth and success.
Challenges of Integration: Despite the potential benefits, integrating corporate culture and intrapreneurship in Nigeria faces several challenges, including cultural resistance to change, lack of supportive infrastructure, and regulatory constraints. Overcoming these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach that addresses cultural attitudes, invests in infrastructure development, and advocates for supportive policy frameworks.
Opportunities for Promotion: Nigeria offers significant opportunities for promoting intrapreneurship and driving innovation, including its young and dynamic workforce, collaborative ecosystems, and supportive policy environment. By leveraging these opportunities and implementing targeted strategies, organizations can foster a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship that drives sustainable growth and development.
Role of Government and Policy-makers: Government and policy-makers play a crucial role in creating an enabling environment for intrapreneurship and innovation. Through supportive policies, regulatory reforms, and investment in education and infrastructure, they can promote entrepreneurship, stimulate investment, and drive economic transformation in Nigeria.
9.2.2 Implications for Organizational Management

Strategic Imperatives: For organizations in Nigeria, fostering a culture of innovation and intrapreneurship is not just a strategic imperative but a survival necessity. In today’s rapidly evolving business landscape, organizations must embrace change, adapt to new realities, and leverage their cultural strengths to drive innovation and competitiveness.
Leadership Commitment: Leadership commitment is essential for fostering a culture of innovation and intrapreneurship within organizations. Leaders must set the tone, establish the vision, and provide the necessary support and resources to enable intrapreneurial initiatives to thrive.
Employee Engagement: Engaging employees in the innovation process and empowering them to contribute their ideas and initiatives is critical for organizational success. By creating a supportive environment that encourages risk-taking, experimentation, and collaboration, organizations can unlock the full potential of their workforce and drive innovation from within.
9.2.3 Future Directions and Recommendations

Investment in Human Capital: Investing in human capital development, education, and skills training is essential for building a workforce that is capable of driving innovation and intrapreneurship. By equipping individuals with the knowledge, skills, and mindset needed to succeed in the digital economy, Nigeria can unlock its full potential and drive sustainable growth and development.
Promotion of Collaboration: Promoting collaboration between government, academia, industry, and civil society is critical for fostering innovation ecosystems and driving economic transformation. By creating platforms for knowledge exchange, technology transfer, and collaboration, Nigeria can harness the collective expertise and resources of diverse stakeholders to address common challenges and drive inclusive growth and development.
Continuous Learning and Adaptation: In today’s rapidly changing business environment, organizations must embrace a culture of continuous learning, adaptation, and innovation. By fostering a mindset of curiosity, resilience, and agility, organizations can stay ahead of the curve, anticipate emerging trends, and seize new opportunities for growth and expansion.
In conclusion, fostering a culture of innovation and intrapreneurship is essential for driving economic growth, fostering competitiveness, and achieving sustainable development in Nigeria. By leveraging its cultural strengths, investing in human capital, and creating an enabling environment for innovation and entrepreneurship, Nigeria can unlock its full potential and emerge as a global leader in the digital economy.

9.3 RECOMMENDATIONS

Invest in Entrepreneurial Education: Develop and implement entrepreneurship education programs at various educational levels, including schools, universities, and vocational training centers. These programs should focus on nurturing entrepreneurial skills, mindset, and knowledge among students to prepare them for intrapreneurial endeavors in the future.
Promote Collaboration: Foster collaboration between government, academia, industry, and civil society to create supportive ecosystems for innovation and entrepreneurship. Establish platforms for knowledge exchange, technology transfer, and collaborative research to address common challenges and drive inclusive growth and development.
iii. Enhance Access to Finance: Facilitate access to finance for intrapreneurial ventures by establishing venture capital funds, angel investor networks, and innovative financing mechanisms. Provide financial incentives, grants, and subsidies for innovative projects and intrapreneurial initiatives to stimulate investment and economic activity.

Streamline Regulatory Processes: Simplify regulatory processes, reduce bureaucratic hurdles, and streamline licensing and registration procedures to create a more favorable business environment for intrapreneurial ventures. Implement regulatory reforms that support innovation, entrepreneurship, and business growth while ensuring consumer protection and fair competition.
Support Innovation Hubs and Incubators: Support the establishment and growth of innovation hubs, incubators, and technology parks to provide a supportive ecosystem for intrapreneurial ventures. These platforms offer access to mentorship, networking opportunities, technical assistance, and infrastructure, enabling intrapreneurs to develop and scale their ventures more effectively.
Promote Diversity and Inclusion: Embrace diversity and inclusion within organizations to foster a culture of innovation and intrapreneurship. Implement diversity and inclusion initiatives that attract and retain talent from diverse backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives, fostering creativity, enhancing problem-solving capabilities, and driving innovation-driven growth.
vii. Invest in Infrastructure Development: Invest in infrastructure development, including digital infrastructure, power supply, and transportation networks, to create an enabling environment for innovation and entrepreneurship. Improve internet connectivity, access to reliable electricity, and transportation systems to support intrapreneurial activities that rely on technology and digital platforms.

viii. Provide Continuous Learning Opportunities: Offer ongoing training and development opportunities for employees to enhance their intrapreneurial capabilities and foster a culture of continuous learning and improvement. Provide workshops, seminars, and mentorship programs focused on innovation, creativity, and intrapreneurship to equip employees with the skills and confidence to pursue intrapreneurial ventures within the organization.

Advocate for Supportive Policies: Advocate for supportive policies and regulatory frameworks that promote innovation, entrepreneurship, and intrapreneurship at the national and regional levels. Engage with policymakers, industry associations, and other stakeholders to develop and implement policies that incentivize investment, stimulate economic activity, and drive innovation-driven growth and development.
Monitor and Evaluate Progress: Establish mechanisms to monitor and evaluate the progress of intrapreneurship promotion initiatives and their impact on organizational performance and economic development. Collect data, measure key performance indicators, and assess the effectiveness of interventions to identify areas for improvement and refine strategies over time.
Implementing these recommendations will require concerted efforts from government, industry, academia, and civil society to create an enabling environment for innovation and entrepreneurship in Nigeria. By adopting a holistic approach and implementing targeted interventions, Nigeria can unlock its full potential and emerge as a global leader in the digital economy.

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[1] Covin and Slevin; Relationship between group culture and Intrapreneurship: see https://www.researchgate.net; Accessed through the internet on 8/6/2024 at :134am

[2] B.U Eze; Organization Culture and Intrapreneurship see https://www.researchgate.net; Accessed through the internet on 8/6/2024 2am

[3] It is important show the links between corporate culture and intrapreneurship managment

[4] Ibid

[5] WorldBank; see www.worldbank.org; Accessed through the internet on 8/6/2024 at 2:30am

[6] Focus Economics; see https://www.focus-economics.com; Accessed through the internet on 8/6/2024 at 3:15am

[7] Ibid

[8] Ibid

[9] Victor Olukayode Ogunro; Nigeria’s Business Environment issues, challenges and prospects; see https://www.researchgate.net>27…; Accessed through the internet on 8/6/2024 at 5:30am

[10] Ibid

[11] Anthony Abiodun Eniola; How organizational culture affects business… see https://theconversation.com>how; Accessed through the internet on 8/6/2024 at 9:05am

[12] Ibid

[13] Ibid

[14] Keith Wartburton; Business culture in Nigeria; see https://www.worldbusinessculture; Accessed through the internet on 10/6/2024 at 1:06am

[15] Workhuman; Component of Corporate Cultures; see https://www.workhuman.com>ke…; Accessed through the internet on 10/06/2024 at 1:21am

[16] Ibid

[17] Ibid

[18] Ibid

[19] Rainer Hasenaur, Oliver Yu: Intrapreneurship; see https://www.wiley.com.en-sg>l…; Accessed through the internet on 9/6/2024 at 5:05am

[20] Ibid

[21] Amruta .S. Hiwakar et al; Importance of Intrapreneurship see; https://khatabook.com; Accessed through the internet on 9/6/2024 at 6:30am

[22] Ibid

[23] Ibid

[24] Luis Javer Sanchez Barrias et al: Opportunities and challenges… see https://researchgate.net>31; Accessed through the internet on 9/6/2024 at 8:30am

[25] Ibid

[26] Ibid

[27] M. Bicer; between group culture and intrapreneurship; see https://mrp.ase.ro>…; Accessed through the internet on 9/6/2024 at 3:00pm

[28] Ibid

[29] Ibid

[30] Ibid

[31] Antonia Caro; Establishing a culture of innovation and risk taking; see https://www.researchgate.net>37…; Accessed through the internet on 9/6/2024 at 3:50pm

[32] Ibid

[33] Syndeo Institutes; Intrapreneurship Leadership track; see https://syndeoinstitute.org>tracks; Accessed through the internet on 9/6/2024 at 5pm

[34] Ibid

[35] Ibid

[36] Benneth Uchenna Eze, et al; Organizational Culture and Intrapreneurship Growth: see https://emaj.pitt.edu>article>view; Accessed through the internet on 9/6/2024 at 5:15pm

[37] Ibid

[38] Ibid

[39] Ibid

[40] The examples here and as seen above are important for proper understanding of the issues herein

[41] Ibid

[42] Ibid

[43] Ibid

[44] Benneth Uchenna Eze et-al; Organizational Culture and Intrapreneurship Growth in Nigeria; see https://www.researchgate.net>32; Accessed through the internet on 9/6/2024 at 5:30pm

[45] Ibid

[46] Ibid

[47] Ibid

[48] Otsupius, Anthonia Ighiebemhe & Asikhia Olalekan; Edo State University Uzairue; Intrapreneurship proactive practice; see https://old.edouniversity.edu.ng>…; Accessed through the internet on 9/6/2024 at 6pm

[49] Ibid

[50] Ibid

[51] Ibid

[52] Ibid

[53] Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review; see https://apsdpr.org; Accessed through the internet on 9/6/2024 at 9:15pm

[54] Ibid

[55] Ibid

[56] Ibid

[57] National Institutes of Health; Cultivation of Intrapraneurship; see https://ww.fatrank.com>intrapr…; Accessed through the internet on 10/6/2024 at 1:05am

[58] Ibid

[59] INTRAPRENEUR – NATION – see; https://intrapreneurnation.com>i…; Accessed through the internet on 10/6/2024 at 2:05am

[60] Ibid